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Joseph Smith Harris
Joseph Smith Harris (April 29, 1836 – June 1, 1910) was an American surveyor, civil engineer, and railroad executive. Largely self-taught, he worked on several projects for the U.S. government, including the Coast Survey of the Mississippi Sound in 1854–56 and the Northwest Boundary Survey of 1857–61. He worked his way through a considerable number of adventures to become President of the Reading Railroad, which he brought back from its 1893 bankruptcy.
==Family and early life==
Joseph Smith Harris was born on the family farm in East Whiteland Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania;〔''Autobiography of Joseph Smith Harris'', p. 1.〕 the house has burned down, but the barn and springhouse still stand on what is now the Chester Valley Golf Club.〔Anne P. Streeter, ''Joseph S. Harris and The U.S. Northwest Boundary Survey, 1857-1861'', Trafford Publishing, 2012.〕 His father, Stephen Harris (September 4, 1798 – November 18, 1851), was the local physician; his mother was Marianne Smith (April 2, 1805 – March 12, 1890). Stephen Harris' brothers (Joseph's uncles) included Thomas Harris and John Harris, who became career military officers. Joseph's paternal grandfather, William Harris (1757 – 1812), had been an army officer in the American Revolutionary War and thereafter, as well as a member of the state legislature. His great-grandfather (on his mother's side) was Persifor Frazer, a figure in the Revolution who had some prominence in Chester County.〔Joseph S. Harris, ''Record of the Harris Family descended from John Harris born 1680 in Wiltshire, England'', 1903. Joseph S. Harris, ''Record of the Smith Family descended from John Smith, born 1655 in County Monaghan, Ireland.'' George F. Lasher, Philadelphia, 1906.〕
When Joseph was a youth, his father, Stephen, realized that he was dying and that his untimely death would likely leave his family destitute. Looking to prolong his life and leave his wife with a means of supporting herself, in 1850 Stephen Harris sold his farm and moved his family to Philadelphia.〔''Autobiography of Joseph Smith Harris'', pp. 24-25.〕 His place as the local physician was taken by Septimus Augustus Ogier.〔J. Smith Futhey & Gilbert Cope, ''History of Chester County, Pennsylvania: With Genealogical and Biographical Sketches'', Louis H. Everts, Philadelphia, 1881, p. 671.〕 In time, the family opened a boarding house, one of the few business occupations available to respectable women of the time.〔''Autobiography of Joseph Smith Harris'', pp. 24-25.〕 Stephen's death did indeed leave his family short of money, but his children were able to finish high school.〔 Joseph attended Philadelphia's Central High School, graduating in 1853, as did his older brother, also named Stephen.〔John W. Leonard and Albert Nelson Marquis, eds. ''Who's Who in America''. A.N. Marquis Company, Chicago. 4th ed. 1906.〕
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